AP Statistics - Mrs. Waddell

Open ended Tests of Significance

In this blog, describe an open-ended task you reviewed on the AP central website. Include the following:
  • Year, Test version, and number of the problem
  • Topic of the problem
  • A summary of the question
  • Hints to solving similar problems.
Be detailed in your response and include references to examples from our class where appropriate.

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Tests of Significance

We have spent this week investigating the formal process of a test of significance. As I assess your understanding, realize that it includes your ability to identify the correct type of variable, use the appropriate Central Limit Theorem, calculate a test statistic, calculate a p-value, and interpret the meaning for a test decision. Ues this space to share ideas to help clarify your understanding of the process. Include specifics about the various tests that can be used and when it is appropriate to use each test.

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Confidence Intervals

Explain how to calculate confidence intervals.
Explain how to interpret the meaning of a confidence interval.
What trouble spots might you caution other students about in regards to both calculating and interpreting confidence intervals?

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Central Limit Theorem

What is the Central Limit Theorem used to determine? Explain key elements of the calculations that utilize CLT and connections to sample size, confidence intervals, and estimation of parameters. Build a deeper understanding by making connections and clarifications to each other's comments.

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Probability Discussion

Use this post as a place to post questions and discuss your understanding of the work we have done regarding probability rules and formulas. Remember to discuss each other's responses and deepen your understanding while developing confidence.

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Probability - What is it?

People often say "that is not probable" or "that has such a high probability of happenting" when referring to events that might take place. What do these phrases really mean? What is probability? How is it calculated? Where do you see probability being used in everyday life?
Use this post to respond to some or all of these questions. Bring up other questions regarding probability. What is the probability that two of you will be on the blog at the same time, commenting on the same post and writing about the same thing? What is the probabilitiy that you will score a 3 or above on the AP exam?

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Study Design Question

Build solid responses to the meaning of each term.
Does the herb Saint-John's-wort relieve major depression? Here are some excerpts from a report of a study from a 2001 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association. The study concluded that the herb is no more effective than a placebo.
"Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial..."Explain the meaning of each of the terms in this description.

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Essential Questions

Throughout the course we are focusing our work around 7 essential questions. These questions were given to you on the first day of class. I mentioned then, that you will be asked to answer each question in context during the project phase of the course. I thought the blog might allow us to generate some resource of responses to help structure into the specific context you choose for your project.
Question (#2): What role does the study of statistics have in our society?
Begin by posting comments specific to many different contexts.

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Data Collection

Use this post to create conversations regarding the methods of data collection.
To begin the post, think about surveys you have filled out or read about. Describe specifically the sampling method used. Include a description regarding types of bias that were of concern for the data collection. If you are describing a data collection you have read about, consider including a link to the study and reference your source.

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Reading - Re-expressing data

The reading from IPS pages 179-185 and 187-203, involved background investigation about using transformation skills to re-express data for a linear relationship. On this post, describe your understanding of the process used to find a "useful" model for describing data that shows a "curved" relationship. Think about the various steps used in this process and describe the reasons each step is necessary. Highlight the two main strategies of LOG-LOG and SEMI-LOG for re-expressing the data.

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MiniTab Help Post

Use this thread to post questions about problems you encounter while utlizing MIniTab. Add hints and suggestions for your classmates who may be struggling.

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Logarithm Skills

Here is a post to use for helping each other out with logarithm skills. Discussions should range from basic log skills and properties to the use of LOG-LOG and SEMI-LOG transformation processes. In past years, this is a topic that separates the class where half "get it" and the other half struggle. Work together to help others along with the encouragement and clarification necessary to improve skills and confidence.

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Residual Plot

As we look at the process of fitting a regression model to data that does not appear to be linear, use this post to discuss the creation and use of a residual plot for this process.

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Understanding R-squared

Many comments have asked for clarification on R-squared. Last Friday, when MANY of you were missing from class, we took time to work through a guided packet that shows exactly what R-squared represents. I am attached that document. Work through it and bring it in to class to check the solutions. Use this post as a place to document your own understanding. Support each other by posting "how" you understand it and put it in terms of examples where you are able to.
You have been doing an awesome job at working together as one learning community to clarify what we are responsible for learning.
Keep it up !
Nine school days until the senior trip!
And only 40 class days until the AP exam!


Download file "Understanding r-squared.pdf"

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R-Squared

Here is a specific post for you to discuss R-squared. There were several points brought up in the previous post. Use this one to clarify and explain R-squared as a calculation, interpretation and application in describing data. Those of you who were in class on Friday worked through a packet deriving the calculation of R-squared. Others will have that opportunity on Monday.

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Regression Models

In determining the LSRL model, there are many statistical measures that must me utilized. Use this post to talk about the process of finding the LSRL. Include comments about what r and r-squared represent. Ask questions to prompt discussion about interpretation of the LSRL or the implications of using extrapolation.

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Reading - Comparing Quantitative Variables

Use this post as a place to discuss your reading. IPS p. 104-116 and 126-131. Discuss your understanding of the vocabulary. Ask questions to clarify your understanding. If you ask a question, check back often to see any responses. Discuss connections you may have from past experiences or extensions you might predict we will be looking at as we extend the learning of this topic.

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Probability using a Normal Distribution

Use this post to discuss the process of finding probabilities using the normal distribution.
  • Suggest contexts of data and examples
  • Discuss the process necessary to determine probabilities
  • Compare calculator and table methods for this process

Ask clarifying questions to prompt further discussion in this virtual learning community.

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Example of Conditional Distribution

Based on some questions in the previous post, I thought I would put this partial example here to guide you on the weekend assignment. I'll check back again periodically throught the weekend so comment with other questions you have regarding the homework.

Download file "Sample segmented bar graph and two way table.doc"

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Marginal & Conditional Distributions

Here is a post for you to use in discussing the work from class today. Comment on your understanding of relative risk, simpson's paradox, calculating marginal and conditional distributions, and creating segmented bar graphs.
Remember to use this blog as a place to ask questions of each other. Look back at past posts also to reinforce your understanding and see more recent comments.

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